![]() ![]() The Justinianic Plague occurred from circa 541 to 750 CE, diffusing from the Mediterranean basin in successive waves its human, social, and economic consequences remain contested ( 3). ![]() Paleogenomics data indicate that plague has affected humans for at least 5,000 y in Eurasia ( 2), culminating in three historical deadly pandemics. ![]() While primary bubonic and septicemic plagues chiefly result from an ectoparasite bite or contact with an animal’s carcass, primary pneumonic plague is caused by the inhalation of infected droplets ( 1). Plague is a deadly zoonosis caused by the gram-negative bacteria Yersinia pestis, and the clinical aspect of the disease partially depends on the way of transmission.
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